People’s Interpretations of Agents’ Attitude from Artificial Sounds Expressed by Agents with Different Appearances

We conducted experiments in which participants were presented with artificial sounds that were intended to convey the attitudes of three different agents: a MindStorms robot, an AIBO robot, and a laptop PC. The participants were then asked to select the correct attitudes based on the sounds expressed by these three agents. The results showed that the participants had higher interpretation rates when the PC presented the sounds, while they had lower rates when MindStorms and AIBO presented the sounds, even though these agents expressed completely identical information.